![]() ![]() Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria, addressing aerobic exercise (n=4), muscle strengthening exercise (n=3), combination of aerobic, muscle strengthening, and flexibility exercises (n=5), and occupational labor/exercise (n=3). A hand-searched collection from a personal literature library also was used. Physical activity in the form of aerobic, muscle strengthening, flexibility, and occupational (labor) activities among working adults (18 – 65 years of age) alone and with other non-surgical therapies were selected. ![]() Methods: A search was performed using MEDLINE to identify original studies published in English from January 1990 to December 2013. This review examines the earlier and current research reported on the significance of physical activity on musculoskeletal injuries and LBP, the benefits and limitations of therapeutic exercise, and the potential features of various exercise modalities that may contribute to the secondary and tertiary prevention of low-back pain. 1985 Mar-Apr 100(2):212–224.Objective: Low back pain (LBP) represents the most prevalent and costly repercussion from musculoskeletal injury in the work place. The promotion of physical activity in the United States population: the status of programs in medical, worksite, community, and school settings. Iverson DC, Fielding JE, Crow RS, Christenson GM.Effects of frequency and duration of training on attrition and incidence of injury. Pollock ML, Gettman LR, Milesis CA, Bah MD, Durstine L, Johnson RB.Physical activity and incidence of hypertension in college alumni. Paffenbarger RS, Jr, Wing AL, Hyde RT, Jung DL.Alcohol and exercise in myocardial infarction and sudden coronary death in men and women. Scragg R, Stewart A, Jackson R, Beaglehole R.A natural history of athleticism and cardiovascular health. Paffenbarger RS, Jr, Hyde RT, Wing AL, Steinmetz CH.Physical activity, all-cause mortality, and longevity of college alumni. Paffenbarger RS, Jr, Hyde RT, Wing AL, Hsieh CC.Work-energy level, personal characteristics, and fatal heart attack: a birth-cohort effect. Paffenbarger RS, Jr, Hale WE, Brand RJ, Hyde RT.Blair SN, Kohl HW, Gordon NF, Paffenbarger RS., Jr How much physical activity is good for health? Annu Rev Public Health.Powell KE, Caspersen CJ, Koplan JP, Ford ES.A statement for health professionals by the Committee on Exercise and Cardiac Rehabilitation of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart association. Benefits and recommendations for physical activity programs for all Americans. Fletcher GF, Blair SN, Blumenthal J, Caspersen C, Chaitman B, Epstein S, Falls H, Froelicher ES, Froelicher VF, Pina IL.Combined experience of randomized clinical trials. Cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction. Oldridge NB, Guyatt GH, Fischer ME, Rimm AA.Physical activity and ischaemic heart disease in middle-aged British men. Shaper AG, Wannamethee G, Weatherall R.Report for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Harris SS, Caspersen CJ, DeFriese GH, Estes EH., Jr Physical activity counseling for healthy adults as a primary preventive intervention in the clinical setting.Status of the 1990 physical fitness and exercise objectives-evidence from NHIS 1985. Caspersen CJ, Christenson GM, Pollard RA.Physical activity epidemiology: concepts, methods, and applications to exercise science. Exercise as a coronary protective factor. Physical activity and the incidence of coronary heart disease. Powell KE, Thompson PD, Caspersen CJ, Kendrick JS. ![]()
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